Grundlagen

1. 🔧 Installation

🖥 Windows

• Installiere Docker Desktop
  👉 https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/

🐧 Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)

Repository hinzufügen

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg

sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | \
    sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Docker installieren

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io \
    docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Benutzer zur docker-Gruppe hinzufügen

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

2. ⚙️ Docker Daemon konfigurieren

Erstelle oder bearbeite /etc/docker/daemon.json:

{
  "data-root": "/srv/docker",
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "10m",
    "max-file": "3"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2",
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://nexus.unternehmen.de:15000"],
  "insecure-registries": ["myregistry.local:5000"]
}

Docker danach neu starten:

sudo systemctl daemon-reexec
sudo systemctl restart docker

3. 📦 Docker-Befehle (Basics)

Befehl	Beschreibung
docker ps -a	Alle Container anzeigen
docker run -it ubuntu bash	Interaktiven Container starten
docker stop <name>	Container stoppen
docker start <name>	Container starten
docker exec -it <name> bash	Konsole im Container öffnen
docker rm <name>	Container löschen

4. 🔁 Volumes, Ports & Namen

docker run -d \
  --name meinweb \
  -p 8080:80 \
  -v /srv/www:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  nginx

• -p: Hostport:Containerport

• -v: Volume Mount

• --name: sprechbarer Name

5. 🏗 Docker Compose

Beispiel